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The purpose of the study was to explore the outstanding and exceptional academic success of secondary and higher secondary school students from underprivileged families from the perspective of their inspiration, community culture, and the challenging situations they faced. The population of the study consisted of 174 top-position holders of secondary and higher secondary school students from underprivileged families in the Sahiwal division out of which twelve students were selected through purposive sampling. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews using a narrative ethnographic approach. After collecting and transcribing the data; codes, categories and themes were derived and results were presented thematically. Most of the participants were inspired ‘internally’ or ‘externally’, faced challenging situations successfully, and admired the supportive role of the community to achieve their success. The results will be helpful for government institutes, policymakers, donor agencies, student welfare organizations, and people who intend to work for the betterment of students. Keywords: Academic success, Underprivileged families, Inspiration, Community culture, Challenging situations.

Abstract Suicide is an alarming point that brings a lot of negative changes, not only in individual behavior but also damages society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of suicide survival regarding suicide attempts. The theoretical framework of the current study was based on the Anomic Theory of suicide stated by Emile Durkheim. The qualitative research methodology was adopted to investigate the research questions. The sample was selected through the purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 15 suicide survivors from Malakand Division KP , their respective one teacher, one fellow from peer group, and one family member of suicide survivor. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. The obtained data were analyzed through the thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that the majority of the suicide survivors belong to middle-class families. There are multiple indicators of suicide among these suicide victims. Major causes of suicide were low self-esteem, a lack of knowledge, a lack of self-confidence, a lack of patience, failure in an exam, and a mental health problem. The findings also indicate that one problem was common among all suicide survivors, and that was parental pressure due to low academic marks. They had no courage to face their families, so they attempted suicide. To address this shocking issue is to provide coordinated and multi-sector (primary, secondary, and tertiary) preventative activities aimed at reducing these risk factors. Population-based approaches (such as mental health promotion, education, awareness through campaigns on mental resilience, careful media coverage, and parental education and high-risk subgroup-specific approaches (such as specialized school-based programs). Keywords: Suicide survivor, Causes of suicide, Prevention/ Remedies of suicide, Parents’ Expectation.

Abstract Many studies have found positive and significant relationship between students' attendance and their academic success. Personal experiences of researchers as university teachers and an initial conversation with colleagues, however, found that students’ attendance is not up to the mark in public sector universities of Southern Punjab. Considering the importance of the theme, this study mainly investigates university students’ attendance and truancy behaviors, followed by examining the nature, motives and reasons for these behaviors. This study further suggests the solutions for improving university students’ attendance and truancy behaviors. This research employed survey design. For this study, 25160 students at a large sized general university (Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan) from southern Punjab of Pakistan were taken as a population. A total of 317 students were selected as a sample using multistage cluster sampling technique. A closed-ended Students’ Attendance and Truancy Behaviors (SATB) questionnaire was developed, based on the relevant literature, and primarily adapted from Freiberg’s (1998) “Tool 9: Attendance Survey”. It comprised 36 statements. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient for five-point rating scale statements was 0.89. In alignment with nature of data and research questions, the frequencies, percentages, mean, and the standard deviations were calculated. This study observed that only less than one fourth university students are never late in taking their classes every, while remaining majority of them are late to their classes either one-two times, three-four times or almost every day. This study indicated that tendency of students' behaviors for late arrival to their classes is far more than their tendencies of missing an entire day of their studies at the university Keywords: Attendance, Truancy, Behaviors, University, Motives, Reasons.

This study aims to investigate the province-wise literacy rate of Pakistan and its impact on the country's economy. Pakistan has struggled with low literacy rates, which can be attributed to a lack of investment in the education sector and a lack of technological advancements. The study reveals that literacy rates have a significant impact on a country's national income measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, cultural factors, gender inequality, low GDP per capita, political instability, and terrorism have hindered the progress of improving literacy rates. In this study, we discuss the differences, causes, and potential solutions related to province-wise literacy rates in Pakistan. The study provides insights into how increasing literacy rates can contribute to the country's economic growth and development. The research highlights the need for policymakers to invest in the education sector and address the cultural and societal issues that impede literacy rate growth. Overall, this study offers valuable information to policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders interested in improving literacy rates and promoting economic growth in Pakistan. Keywords: Education; national income; Province wise literacy rate; public expenditure; Pakistan

Abstract Research in the context of Pakistan has indicated that parents are disenfranchised by the educational system since they have no idea how to actively participate in the schools. The primary objective of this study was to explore the key hurdles to parental participation in government male primary schools in Batkhela, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The problem was investigated using a qualitative case study research design. For data collection, semi-structure interviews were conducted with 13 teachers in two government primary schools at Batkhela Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. For data analysis, thematic analysis technique was used. The data was collected, transcribed and analyzed based on coding and categorizing the themes. Based on the analysis, the study found that lack of interest, parental profession, lack of awareness, checking home-work, were the major hurdles that prevented active parental participation in education. It is concluded that way to make the parents get involved in their child learning process is sending letters to parents, because, sending letters about children’s’ strong and weak areas their parents, then parents compel them to come into school and discuss with teachers. Keywords: Parental involvement, Primary school, Awareness, Barriers, Teacher perspectives

Abstract The present study was aimed to explore quality of academic research focusing on prevailing practices of research supervisor and supervisee. The study was qualitative in nature opting phenomenology within interpretive paradigm. The population of the study consisted of all supervisors and supervisees at post graduate research from HEC recognized public universities located in Lahore. Two supervisors and two supervisees were selected from the faculty of social sciences of two public universities purposively A total of four supervisors and four supervisees were accessed to conduct interviews. Two separate interview protocols for supervisors and supervisees were self-developed based on quality benchmarks for research and problems of researchers. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted through inductive approach and open coding. The study explored that quality of research depends upon a mutual and consistent relationship of both supervisor and supervisees. Taking responsibility of the research by the supervisee eases out the research process whereas facilitation on the part of supervisors enhances its quality. Supervisors’ professional development and supervisees’ research skills help for latest and innovative methods of research. It is concluded that the supervisor and supervisee must work together to complete the student research project on time because they share equal responsibility for its effective and quality completion and both with frequent meetings, sharing of knowledge, opting latest techniques, and collaborating with other resource persons can contribute to the quality of research. Keywords: Academic Research, expectations, prevailing practices, Supervision.