Archives

Abstract Education is a process of simple learning and knowledge process. Education begins on the edge of the mother. Education is very important for all people. The existence of a man without education is similar to earthly. Budget resources for education are very low. There are smaller schools and colleges for women's education and training. The importance of training and developing this conference is a group of students who want to attend school. When it comes to the globalization of primary education, both countries have this problem. The researchers' statement about this problem "constitutes a social and cultural barrier for the higher education of women". To find out what's going on in girl education. Examine the barriers facing women's exposure to higher education. This problem analyzes different problems of women in higher education. Strengthening the position of women can be strengthened through higher education. However, increasing access to education does not only mean the academic achievements of girls. The government should have a bigger barrier. The government should have the right to equal funding for women's higher education. Keywords: Female Education, Educated Parents, Uneducated Parents, Traditional Society, Culture, Traditions, Unequal Education Access, Financial Resources

Islamiyat is not a modern concept in Pakistan. It is being taught in Pakistan as compulsory subject for many years after the birth of Pakistan. As a Muslim, it is our religious duty to learn it’s all concepts that’s why the Punjab government has declared it as a separate subject for all schools and the Nazara Quran in the framework of the SNC. It was lacking in all educational policies. Nazara Quran as a compulsory subject will help the students to develop the positive changes as per needs of our religion. Textbooks play an important role in this regard. This study was designed to explore the content analysis of the Islamiyat of class 5th session 2019-2020 and 2021-2022(SNC syllabus). The finding of the study examined those textbooks where significant differences in contents between the two books. Some new things are added and somethings are deleted. Main thing of SNC syllabus Islamiyat book is that Khatamun Nabyeen (S.A.W.) is placed along with our beloved Prophet Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) which is the most important addition being follower of the last Prophet (S.A.W). During the content analysis we have fined some similarities between these two books like promoting the Islamic. Booth books have the ability to develop moral values in our students to lead the life according to Islam. These books also promote the concept of unity, brotherhood, punctuality and love with nation and country. Keywords: Religious Duty, Khatamun Nabyeen (S.A.W), Nazara Quran, Unity, Brotherhood

Emotional intelligence abilities are present in most persons, but they are not observable. They have an impact on our ability to control behavior, handle social challenges, and make effective personal choices. Teachers' emotional intelligence abilities are wonderful components of the teaching process. These are extremely important in terms of student motivation and the student-teacher interaction. Every student is different in terms of motivation and the student-teacher interaction. Similarly, some kids are able to form positive teacher-student interactions while others are unable. These gaps can be filled by a teacher's emotional intelligence skills. This study aimed to look at the Impact of teachers' emotional intelligence abilities on student motivation and their interaction with students in secondary school classrooms. The research was quantitative in nature. Data on emotional intelligence abilities of teachers, the teacher-student connection, and motivation of student was collected using a survey approach. SPSS-20 was used for the quantitative analysis. To examine the impact of a teacher's emotional intelligence abilities on student motivation and the teacher-student interaction, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. The tables below show the data analysis and interpretations. The impacts of instructors' emotional intelligence competencies on student motivation and the student-teacher interaction were investigated using a regression test. The findings of this research indicated that emotional intelligence abilities of teachers have a substantial impact on student motivation and the student-teacher interaction.

Higher education of any country is an important factor in the development of that country either economic, social, or technical. COVID-19, similar to various other parts of daily life, has had a significant influence on students, teachers, and organizations of academic institutions in the world. COVID-19 effected the institutions such as schools, colleges and universities around the world. This pandemic has shifted the mode of education of higher education from face to face or traditional classes to online classes. This online class is preferred by some of the students and teachers and some prefer the traditional classes. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of real life and virtual life at university level. Objectives of the study were to identify the student’s opinion about real life and virtual life at university level. Design of the study based on qualitative research method. An interview schedule was used as an instrument of this research. All public universities of Sargodha were included in population. Simple convenient sampling technique was used in this research. The results showed that traditional teaching and learning is more preferred by students. This could be due to any reason such as lack of good internet, lack of knowledge about different online functions.

This qualitative research aims to explore how students in a single autonomous institution of Sargodha were affected by FOMO (Fear of Missing Out). It was common during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been characterized as "a constant fear that others may be experiencing gratifying experiences that one is losing out on that one is missing out on". Six students were interviewed one-on-one in semi-structured interviews from the first and third semesters. It showed that during COVID-19, students had surprising grassroots support systems that were mostly isolated from one another, such as their fellow students in university. They missed events with peers and fellows and remain confused during pandemic but the significance of social media also added in fear of missing out due to its use during COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers recommend that students should be taught how to manage the situation emotionally when confronted with crises. Students in higher education, as well as people of all ages, could benefit from resilience-building programs. One of the most effective ways for students is to cope with the problems that have a strong sense of self and who is positive and resilient in such type of situations.

A most vital aspect that needs to be ensured is that children, who are definitely one of the most profound and irreplaceable components of any society, receive defense and protection from the adverse conditions and problems that might seem as a ramification of the poor decisions taken by their parents in regards to their children’s socialization. These less than apt or appropriate decisions can undoubtedly lead to the desiccation and dilapidation of that specific potency within children that is vital for facing the challenges of society. To put it concisely, such decisions affect the social prowess that a child entails. This study aimed to bring about a better understanding regarding the effectualness of Parents' decision-making in pertinence to their children from both upper and lower class. An endeavor has been made here to understand which class holds more promise in making decisions that reinforce their children adequately against the challenges of society.

Educational policies as well as documents of curriculum in various countries endorse the social and moral development among learner; as a cross-curriculum aim which is the central goal of educational process. Subjects, like Islamic studies, Languages and Social studies are prerequisite which contributes in Moral as well as Social Development of the pupils. Literature indicated that the textbook plays a vital role in development of Moral and Social values of children. The major aim of current study is to analyze the content related to Moral and Social development in the existing English textbook of Single National Curriculum (SNC) 5th grade published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTBB) to examine its effectiveness. In Qualitative method, Conceptual Content Analysis was used to examine the “Social and Moral Development values” in the existing English textbook of SNC 5th grade. This study focuses on the embedded themes about Social and Moral values in English textbook of 5th grade of Punjab Textbook Board (PTBB), Lahore. The study had to explore possible answers to the following research question: What Moral and Social Development values are included in SNC 5th grade English textbook? Current study concluded that there are twelve main “Moral and Social development values “existing in SNC 5th grade English textbook. On the basis of finding, it is recommended that ‘Social Etiquettes’, ‘Global Concern’, ‘Religious Influence’, ‘Compassion’ and Participatory Citizenship’ values should be adequately incorporated in the content of SNC 5th grade English textbook.

The effectiveness of educational system and permanence of knowledge transmission has increased due to the integration of technological tools. It improved the student teacher relationship and augmented overall educational environment. The aim of this study was to find the effect of using technology tools on students’ academic attitude and achievement in primary schools. The current study used stratified sampling technique to draw the sample. Total 500 male and female students of public primary schools of Sargodha district were the sample of this study. In each stratum we have taking 20% sample of primary public schools which include both Male and Female. This selected sample was specifically consisted on urban areas of these Tehsils. At third stage, primary public schools of these selected areas were selected randomly. A questionnaire was developed which comprising seven points Likert scale. The data was analyzed through descriptive, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression. Results showed non-significant difference between male and female with respect to academic attitude, however, a significant gender difference was found regarding the intrinsic motivation among primary school students. Hence it may be concluded that using technology tools, they got a direction to learn more effectively and improve their learning skills.

This study is an endeavor to investigations “Awareness and attitude of educated female youth regarding women rights: A Study of Female of BZU, Multan City”. The primary target of this work was to see the degree of mindfulness about conjugal freedoms among educated women and to check the degree of training of the privileges of women giving by Islam. The fundamental objectives for the present study included to test out the height of practices of the right of the women specified by Islam as well as to observe the level of consciousness regarding marital rights and property rights among educated women. Furthermore, the relation between the level of education and women empowerment was also being explored. For this reason, females were chosen for information assortment and sample size was confined to 120 females of BZU Multan. Simple random sampling technique was utilized for the study. Questionnaire was utilized as a tool for data compilation. For estimating purpose, Likert scale was utilized to uncover the causal connection between ladies’ mindfulness and their freedoms. The investigation discovered that the female understudy’s contrast in familiarity with lady privileges. It was concluded that there is noteworthy dissimilarity in student awareness of educational right with respect of discipline as well as noteworthy distinction in student awareness of health with respect of degree level.

The development of a country is associated with the quality of its educational institutions. According to the Article 25-A of constitution of the Pakistan, free and compulsory school education is the fundamental right of every individual. However, the quality of science education particularly in the public sector schools has always been under the discussion. The purpose of the current paper was to study the perception of the secondary school students about extra coaching classes after the regular school time. The population of this study was taken from the secondary public and private schools and ten schools were taken as sample size. Results indicated that students were given satisfactory response during data collection about extra coaching classes. Students taking extra coaching classes, become active learner due to the sympathetic and kind behavior of their teachers. Conversely, the negative behavior and non-cooperative attitude of the teachers negatively effects the students thus making them passive, boring failed in getting desirable learning goals. Due to these reasons, students need proper guidance and counseling to remove these difficulties and improve their grades and personality. Further finding indorsed that negative behavior of teacher become the barrier between students and success at secondary school level. Keywords: Guidance, counseling, sympathetic, Desirable learning goals, Extra coaching classes.

Everyone has a different way of thinking, and different abilities and skills to solve problems. The learning process in this article was guided by the Sternberg thinking style inventory (1997). The primary purpose of this study was to develop the better understanding of the concepts to determine the correct accomplishment of the task at hand. Studying different ways of thinking may help students find the best way to develop their true abilities and realize how effective to use teaching and learning is. Sternberg categorizes the thinking expertise into interior, legislative, hierarchical, judicial, oligarchical, executive and foreign affairs oriented. This study aimed to examine the thinking style and problem-solving skills of secondary school students and their relationships with them. Further, describe how students use their thinking style and problem-solving strategies to solve the problems. Jean Piaget's cognitive learning theory helped to understand the thinking styles and problem-solving strategies. There are many methods secondary school students use to solve problems such as brainstorming, reducing, root-cause analysis, etc. The study consisted of two phases, the psychometric analysis coming first and the substantive analysis coming second. We collected data in two phases in this study. The first phase of the study evaluated the learning styles of 20 students from different educational backgrounds using Robert Sternberg's questionnaire. In the second phase, we use pre-testing and post-testing methods to check the students' understanding of problem-solving. Using SPSS, the data was analyzed and a significant relationship was found between the problem-solving ability and thinking style of secondary school students. Thinking style, problem solving strategies, legislative, judicial, Sternberg theory.

Abstract Pakistan’s education system is struggling to cope with challenges related to school dropouts, increase in literacy rate and decrease in rate of out of school children. Like every other country Pakistan has also devised plans and kept it as part of educational policies so this problem can be solved. School dropout rate at elementary level is less than primary and secondary level. But it is alarming in this era of advance technologies. The mixed method research approach was used to explore the primary reasons of elementary school dropout. A questionnaire developed and validated for to collect data from elementary school teachers and open-ended interview sessions were arranged with the parents of students dropped out of schools. there are two important elements in students’ life e.g., Parents and Teachers. The teachers say they have good teacher students’ relationships and scarcity of the physical resources could be the reason for elementary school dropout. Parents believe that their survival is important and to survive in the world they had to withdraw their children from school to earn them financial resources. These parents don’t find it easy but they are satisfied with their decisions. Keywords: School dropout, Parents perception, Teachers’ perception, reasons for dropout, out of school children, Elementary grade students.

The present study was designed to find out relationship of gender norms and gender stereotypes with self-concept. 150 participants were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Correlational research design was used to analyze the current study hypotheses. Gender-Equitable Scale (Pulerwitz, et al., 2008), Robson’s Scale of Self Concept (Robson, 1989), and Gender Stereotyping Scale is developed by Gunter & Wober (1982) were used to operationalize the construct of gender norms, self-concept and gender stereotypes, respectively. Findings of Pearson product moment correlation showed that gender norms and gender stereotypes were significantly and positively correlated with self-concept of students. Findings of hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender stereotypes played significant moderating role in relationship between gender norms and self-concept. Keywords: Gender norms, Self-concept, Gender stereotypes, Gender difference, Hierarchical regression.

The management of schools is playing vital role for effective learning process for provision of quality of education, therefore, a number of schools are serving in the country. However, to run the schools in manner able way, the head teachers have been appointed in the schools with the core responsibilities. Further, the Head Teachers are using different techniques to run the school administration, management and school affairs. Moreover, the Head Teachers having different management styles which needs to work for the purpose of research work with the detailed analysis. The Head teachers during management of school faced a number of issues and problems, therefore, the Head Teacher used different management styles and ways to overcome the raised issued and problems for smooth functioning of schools. The population of the study was public schools head teachers of Faisalabad district. The sample was selected through multistage sampling technique. And finally, the sample was taken from 7 public schools of Tehsil Samundri district Faisalabad. From each school, one teacher and head teacher were selected for data collection by purposive sampling technique and data analyzed through descriptive statistics frequency, mean and percentage tests applied. Finding of the study, the Leadership roles played vital role in the operational, administrative, academic achievement and quality of education matters of school for head teachers. The leadership also played effective role for the school improvement. The head teachers of public schools should follow effective leadership and management styles for smooth functioning of schools and learning process. KEYWORDS: School management, Administration, Quality education, Head teachers, management styles.

A smartphone is a device that has colorful display, internet connectivity and other fascinating features. The purpose of current study was to evaluate depression, anxiety and smartphone addiction in Thal University Bhakkar students. The need to study smartphone addiction was strongly required because of the associated factors like anxiety and depression. This research study examined the university students' physical, mental, and social behavior in addition to the incidence of smartphone addiction. In this respect, anxiety and smartphone addiction scales and depression was measured by using analytical tool Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during study. The current study was carried out by using quantitative research method. Data was collected from 100 students of Thal University Bhakkar by using simple random sampling technique. It was found that excessive use of smartphone can lead to depression and anxiety due to the issues of sleep deprivation and sadness. It was recommended that the students who have the symptoms of depression and anxiety should be aware of the vulnerability to developing a smartphone addiction. Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, Internet, Bhakkar, Regression analysis.

The purpose of the study was to explore the outstanding and exceptional academic success of secondary and higher secondary school students from underprivileged families from the perspective of their inspiration, community culture, and the challenging situations they faced. The population of the study consisted of 174 top-position holders of secondary and higher secondary school students from underprivileged families in the Sahiwal division out of which twelve students were selected through purposive sampling. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews using a narrative ethnographic approach. After collecting and transcribing the data; codes, categories and themes were derived and results were presented thematically. Most of the participants were inspired ‘internally’ or ‘externally’, faced challenging situations successfully, and admired the supportive role of the community to achieve their success. The results will be helpful for government institutes, policymakers, donor agencies, student welfare organizations, and people who intend to work for the betterment of students. Keywords: Academic success, Underprivileged families, Inspiration, Community culture, Challenging situations.

Abstract Suicide is an alarming point that brings a lot of negative changes, not only in individual behavior but also damages society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of suicide survival regarding suicide attempts. The theoretical framework of the current study was based on the Anomic Theory of suicide stated by Emile Durkheim. The qualitative research methodology was adopted to investigate the research questions. The sample was selected through the purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 15 suicide survivors from Malakand Division KP , their respective one teacher, one fellow from peer group, and one family member of suicide survivor. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. The obtained data were analyzed through the thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that the majority of the suicide survivors belong to middle-class families. There are multiple indicators of suicide among these suicide victims. Major causes of suicide were low self-esteem, a lack of knowledge, a lack of self-confidence, a lack of patience, failure in an exam, and a mental health problem. The findings also indicate that one problem was common among all suicide survivors, and that was parental pressure due to low academic marks. They had no courage to face their families, so they attempted suicide. To address this shocking issue is to provide coordinated and multi-sector (primary, secondary, and tertiary) preventative activities aimed at reducing these risk factors. Population-based approaches (such as mental health promotion, education, awareness through campaigns on mental resilience, careful media coverage, and parental education and high-risk subgroup-specific approaches (such as specialized school-based programs). Keywords: Suicide survivor, Causes of suicide, Prevention/ Remedies of suicide, Parents’ Expectation.

Abstract Many studies have found positive and significant relationship between students' attendance and their academic success. Personal experiences of researchers as university teachers and an initial conversation with colleagues, however, found that students’ attendance is not up to the mark in public sector universities of Southern Punjab. Considering the importance of the theme, this study mainly investigates university students’ attendance and truancy behaviors, followed by examining the nature, motives and reasons for these behaviors. This study further suggests the solutions for improving university students’ attendance and truancy behaviors. This research employed survey design. For this study, 25160 students at a large sized general university (Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan) from southern Punjab of Pakistan were taken as a population. A total of 317 students were selected as a sample using multistage cluster sampling technique. A closed-ended Students’ Attendance and Truancy Behaviors (SATB) questionnaire was developed, based on the relevant literature, and primarily adapted from Freiberg’s (1998) “Tool 9: Attendance Survey”. It comprised 36 statements. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient for five-point rating scale statements was 0.89. In alignment with nature of data and research questions, the frequencies, percentages, mean, and the standard deviations were calculated. This study observed that only less than one fourth university students are never late in taking their classes every, while remaining majority of them are late to their classes either one-two times, three-four times or almost every day. This study indicated that tendency of students' behaviors for late arrival to their classes is far more than their tendencies of missing an entire day of their studies at the university Keywords: Attendance, Truancy, Behaviors, University, Motives, Reasons.

This study aims to investigate the province-wise literacy rate of Pakistan and its impact on the country's economy. Pakistan has struggled with low literacy rates, which can be attributed to a lack of investment in the education sector and a lack of technological advancements. The study reveals that literacy rates have a significant impact on a country's national income measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, cultural factors, gender inequality, low GDP per capita, political instability, and terrorism have hindered the progress of improving literacy rates. In this study, we discuss the differences, causes, and potential solutions related to province-wise literacy rates in Pakistan. The study provides insights into how increasing literacy rates can contribute to the country's economic growth and development. The research highlights the need for policymakers to invest in the education sector and address the cultural and societal issues that impede literacy rate growth. Overall, this study offers valuable information to policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders interested in improving literacy rates and promoting economic growth in Pakistan. Keywords: Education; national income; Province wise literacy rate; public expenditure; Pakistan

Abstract Research in the context of Pakistan has indicated that parents are disenfranchised by the educational system since they have no idea how to actively participate in the schools. The primary objective of this study was to explore the key hurdles to parental participation in government male primary schools in Batkhela, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The problem was investigated using a qualitative case study research design. For data collection, semi-structure interviews were conducted with 13 teachers in two government primary schools at Batkhela Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. For data analysis, thematic analysis technique was used. The data was collected, transcribed and analyzed based on coding and categorizing the themes. Based on the analysis, the study found that lack of interest, parental profession, lack of awareness, checking home-work, were the major hurdles that prevented active parental participation in education. It is concluded that way to make the parents get involved in their child learning process is sending letters to parents, because, sending letters about children’s’ strong and weak areas their parents, then parents compel them to come into school and discuss with teachers. Keywords: Parental involvement, Primary school, Awareness, Barriers, Teacher perspectives

Abstract The present study was aimed to explore quality of academic research focusing on prevailing practices of research supervisor and supervisee. The study was qualitative in nature opting phenomenology within interpretive paradigm. The population of the study consisted of all supervisors and supervisees at post graduate research from HEC recognized public universities located in Lahore. Two supervisors and two supervisees were selected from the faculty of social sciences of two public universities purposively A total of four supervisors and four supervisees were accessed to conduct interviews. Two separate interview protocols for supervisors and supervisees were self-developed based on quality benchmarks for research and problems of researchers. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted through inductive approach and open coding. The study explored that quality of research depends upon a mutual and consistent relationship of both supervisor and supervisees. Taking responsibility of the research by the supervisee eases out the research process whereas facilitation on the part of supervisors enhances its quality. Supervisors’ professional development and supervisees’ research skills help for latest and innovative methods of research. It is concluded that the supervisor and supervisee must work together to complete the student research project on time because they share equal responsibility for its effective and quality completion and both with frequent meetings, sharing of knowledge, opting latest techniques, and collaborating with other resource persons can contribute to the quality of research. Keywords: Academic Research, expectations, prevailing practices, Supervision.