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Everyone has a different way of thinking, and different abilities and skills to solve problems. The learning process in this article was guided by the Sternberg thinking style inventory (1997). The primary purpose of this study was to develop the better understanding of the concepts to determine the correct accomplishment of the task at hand. Studying different ways of thinking may help students find the best way to develop their true abilities and realize how effective to use teaching and learning is. Sternberg categorizes the thinking expertise into interior, legislative, hierarchical, judicial, oligarchical, executive and foreign affairs oriented. This study aimed to examine the thinking style and problem-solving skills of secondary school students and their relationships with them. Further, describe how students use their thinking style and problem-solving strategies to solve the problems. Jean Piaget's cognitive learning theory helped to understand the thinking styles and problem-solving strategies. There are many methods secondary school students use to solve problems such as brainstorming, reducing, root-cause analysis, etc. The study consisted of two phases, the psychometric analysis coming first and the substantive analysis coming second. We collected data in two phases in this study. The first phase of the study evaluated the learning styles of 20 students from different educational backgrounds using Robert Sternberg's questionnaire. In the second phase, we use pre-testing and post-testing methods to check the students' understanding of problem-solving. Using SPSS, the data was analyzed and a significant relationship was found between the problem-solving ability and thinking style of secondary school students. Thinking style, problem solving strategies, legislative, judicial, Sternberg theory.

Abstract Pakistan’s education system is struggling to cope with challenges related to school dropouts, increase in literacy rate and decrease in rate of out of school children. Like every other country Pakistan has also devised plans and kept it as part of educational policies so this problem can be solved. School dropout rate at elementary level is less than primary and secondary level. But it is alarming in this era of advance technologies. The mixed method research approach was used to explore the primary reasons of elementary school dropout. A questionnaire developed and validated for to collect data from elementary school teachers and open-ended interview sessions were arranged with the parents of students dropped out of schools. there are two important elements in students’ life e.g., Parents and Teachers. The teachers say they have good teacher students’ relationships and scarcity of the physical resources could be the reason for elementary school dropout. Parents believe that their survival is important and to survive in the world they had to withdraw their children from school to earn them financial resources. These parents don’t find it easy but they are satisfied with their decisions. Keywords: School dropout, Parents perception, Teachers’ perception, reasons for dropout, out of school children, Elementary grade students.

The present study was designed to find out relationship of gender norms and gender stereotypes with self-concept. 150 participants were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Correlational research design was used to analyze the current study hypotheses. Gender-Equitable Scale (Pulerwitz, et al., 2008), Robson’s Scale of Self Concept (Robson, 1989), and Gender Stereotyping Scale is developed by Gunter & Wober (1982) were used to operationalize the construct of gender norms, self-concept and gender stereotypes, respectively. Findings of Pearson product moment correlation showed that gender norms and gender stereotypes were significantly and positively correlated with self-concept of students. Findings of hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender stereotypes played significant moderating role in relationship between gender norms and self-concept. Keywords: Gender norms, Self-concept, Gender stereotypes, Gender difference, Hierarchical regression.

The management of schools is playing vital role for effective learning process for provision of quality of education, therefore, a number of schools are serving in the country. However, to run the schools in manner able way, the head teachers have been appointed in the schools with the core responsibilities. Further, the Head Teachers are using different techniques to run the school administration, management and school affairs. Moreover, the Head Teachers having different management styles which needs to work for the purpose of research work with the detailed analysis. The Head teachers during management of school faced a number of issues and problems, therefore, the Head Teacher used different management styles and ways to overcome the raised issued and problems for smooth functioning of schools. The population of the study was public schools head teachers of Faisalabad district. The sample was selected through multistage sampling technique. And finally, the sample was taken from 7 public schools of Tehsil Samundri district Faisalabad. From each school, one teacher and head teacher were selected for data collection by purposive sampling technique and data analyzed through descriptive statistics frequency, mean and percentage tests applied. Finding of the study, the Leadership roles played vital role in the operational, administrative, academic achievement and quality of education matters of school for head teachers. The leadership also played effective role for the school improvement. The head teachers of public schools should follow effective leadership and management styles for smooth functioning of schools and learning process. KEYWORDS: School management, Administration, Quality education, Head teachers, management styles.

A smartphone is a device that has colorful display, internet connectivity and other fascinating features. The purpose of current study was to evaluate depression, anxiety and smartphone addiction in Thal University Bhakkar students. The need to study smartphone addiction was strongly required because of the associated factors like anxiety and depression. This research study examined the university students' physical, mental, and social behavior in addition to the incidence of smartphone addiction. In this respect, anxiety and smartphone addiction scales and depression was measured by using analytical tool Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during study. The current study was carried out by using quantitative research method. Data was collected from 100 students of Thal University Bhakkar by using simple random sampling technique. It was found that excessive use of smartphone can lead to depression and anxiety due to the issues of sleep deprivation and sadness. It was recommended that the students who have the symptoms of depression and anxiety should be aware of the vulnerability to developing a smartphone addiction. Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, Internet, Bhakkar, Regression analysis.